Aesthetic Exploration: Chiaroscuro

Chiaroscuro, in its most basic form, is a contrast of light and dark without regard of color. It is commonly used to give subjects of a painting or photograph three dimensions with light falling on the subject from a particular light source out of frame. Though this technique has existed for a long time, it became popularized in the western world during the Renaissance and early Baroque period by masters such as Rembrandt and Caravaggio. Artists who used chiaroscuro during this time period used a dark background with the subject brightly lit. As seen below Rembrandt used a much more subtle form of chiaroscuro than Caravaggio.

Image result for rembrandt
‘Self Portrait at the Age of 34’ – Rembrandt, 1640
Image From: https://cosmosmagazine.com/technology/did-rembrandt-trace-his-self-portraits
1024px-Caravaggio_Judith_Beheading_Holofernes.jpg
‘Judith Slaying Holofernes’ – Caravaggio
Image From:
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/caravaggio-may-have-died-infected-sword-wound-not-syphilis-180970374/

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Chiaroscuro is also commonly used today. An example of it is in low-key photography. Low-key photography, just like with Caravaggio and Rembrandt, uses dark backgrounds while illuminating the subject. The subject can be illuminated by either artificial or natural light. Low-key photography is also commonly black and white, though it does not have to be. Notable low-key photographers are Paul Strand, and Yousuf Karsh.

Image result for paul strand blind
‘Blind’ – Paul Strand, 1916
Image From:
http://100photos.time.com/photos/paul-strand-blind
Image result for yousuf karsh
‘John F. Kennedy’ – Yousuf Karsh, 1960
Image From:
https://karsh.org/photographs/john-f-kennedy/

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Overall, chiaroscuro is used to create a sense of drama and to draw the viewers eyes to the subject. These effects are not only wanted in paintings, and photography, but also film. Two films that utilized chiaroscuro to either set the tone or to draw attention to a certain subject is “The Godfather” and “Frankenweenie”.

Image result for the godfather
Movie Poster of “The Godfather” directed by Francis Ford Coppola
Image From:
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071562/
Image result for frankenweenie
Scene from “Frankenweenie” directed by Tim Burton
Image From:
https://www.awn.com/animationworld/burton-gets-personal-frankenweenie

Citations: 

  • Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. β€œChiaroscuro.” EncyclopΓ¦dia Britannica, EncyclopΓ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 13 Oct. 2015, www.britannica.com/art/chiaroscuro.
  • β€œChiaroscuro.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Jan. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiaroscuro.
  • Riojas, Esteban. β€œFilm from a Clearer World.” Chiaroscuro in Film, fromaclearerworld.blogspot.com/2012/09/chiaroscuro-in-film.html

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Aesthetic Explorations, Caravaggio, Chiaroscuro, Rembrandt
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